A Process Chart is a graphic means of representing the activities that occur during a manufacturing or servicing job. There are several types of process charts. These can be divided into two groups.

• Those which are used to record a process sequence (i.e. series of events in the order in which they occur) but do not depict the events to time scale. Charts falling in this group are:

  • Operation process chart

  • Flow process chart – (man / material / equipment type)

  • Operator chart (also called Two Handed Process Chart)

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Solved Example: 9056-01

A bar chart is drawn for: (BPSC AE Paper IV Engg Sci 2019)

A. Time versus activity

B. Activity versus resources

C. Resources versus progress

D. Progress versus time

Correct Answer: A

• The use of human body
1. The two hands should initiate and finish their movements simultaneously.
2. Aside from rest periods, the two hands shouldn't be inactive at the same moment.
3. Motions of the arms should be made simultaneously, in opposite, symmetrical directions.
4. Hand and body actions should be limited to the lowest classification that can yet be used to complete the task successfully.
5. When possible, momentum should be used to help the worker, and if it must be overcome by muscular effort, it should be minimized.
6. Smooth, continuous curving motions of the hands are better to straight, abruptly changing direction motions.
• Arrangement of the work place,
1. Each tool and material needs to have a specific location that is fixed in place.
2. Equipment, supplies, and controls should be placed close to the use-point.
3. Material delivery near to the point of usage should be done using gravity feed bins and containers. When possible, drop deliveries ought to be employed.
4. Materials and equipment should be positioned to allow for the ideal series of motions.
5. Suitable conditions for viewing should be provided. The first prerequisite for adequate visual perception is good illumination.
6. The height of the desk and the chair should ideally be set up to make it simple to switch between sitting and standing while working.
• Design of tools and equipment.
1. All tasks that may be performed more profitably by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated machine should be taken off the hands.
2. Whenever possible, integrate two or more tools.
3. When possible, tools and materials should be positioned.
4. The burden should be allocated according to the intrinsic capacity of the fingers where each finger performs a specific movement, like while typing.
5. The operator should be able to operate levers, hand wheels, and other controls with the least amount of body movement and with the maximum speed and ease.

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Solved Example: 9055-01

The principles of motion economy are mostly used while conducting:

A. A method study on an operation

B. A time study on an operation

C. A financial appraisal of an operation

D. A feasibility study of the proposed manufacturing plant.

Correct Answer: A