Methods Analysis
Charting
A Process Chart is a graphic means of representing the activities that occur during a manufacturing or servicing job. There are several types of process charts. These can be divided into two groups.
Those which are used to record a process sequence (i.e. series of events in the order in which they occur) but do not depict the events to time scale. Charts falling in this group are:
Operation process chart
Flow process chart – (man / material / equipment type)
Operator chart (also called Two Handed Process Chart)
Solved Example: 9056-01
A bar chart is drawn for: (BPSC AE Paper IV Engg Sci 2019)
A. Time versus activity
B. Activity versus resources
C. Resources versus progress
D. Progress versus time
Correct Answer: A
Workstation Design
Motion Economy
- The use of human body
- The two hands should initiate and finish their movements simultaneously.
- Aside from rest periods, the two hands shouldn't be inactive at the same moment.
- Motions of the arms should be made simultaneously, in opposite, symmetrical directions.
- Hand and body actions should be limited to the lowest classification that can yet be used to complete the task successfully.
- When possible, momentum should be used to help the worker, and if it must be overcome by muscular effort, it should be minimized.
- Smooth, continuous curving motions of the hands are better to straight, abruptly changing direction motions.
- Arrangement of the work place,
- Each tool and material needs to have a specific location that is fixed in place.
- Equipment, supplies, and controls should be placed close to the use-point.
- Material delivery near to the point of usage should be done using gravity feed bins and containers. When possible, drop deliveries ought to be employed.
- Materials and equipment should be positioned to allow for the ideal series of motions.
- Suitable conditions for viewing should be provided. The first prerequisite for adequate visual perception is good illumination.
- The height of the desk and the chair should ideally be set up to make it simple to switch between sitting and standing while working.
- Design of tools and equipment.
- All tasks that may be performed more profitably by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated machine should be taken off the hands.
- Whenever possible, integrate two or more tools.
- When possible, tools and materials should be positioned.
- The burden should be allocated according to the intrinsic capacity of the fingers where each finger performs a specific movement, like while typing.
- The operator should be able to operate levers, hand wheels, and other controls with the least amount of body movement and with the maximum speed and ease.
Solved Example: 9055-01
The principles of motion economy are mostly used while conducting:
A. A method study on an operation
B. A time study on an operation
C. A financial appraisal of an operation
D. A feasibility study of the proposed manufacturing plant.
Correct Answer: A