Risk factors concerned usually have their harmful effects due to prolonged exposure. The injuries are mainly cumulative.

Cumulative Truma Disorders can occur due to following reasons

1. Repetitiveness: Repeated or sustained exertions
2. Forceful exertions: Exceeding the safe limits of force and mobility
3. Stressful postures: Awkward sitting/standing/lifting or walking positions for long time
4. Mechanical stress: Stress concentration of certain muscles or joints
5. Temperature extremes: May be either hot or cold
6. Vibrations: Maybe both high or low frequencies

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Anthropometry is a branch of anthropology that involves quantitative measurement of human body.

It deals with techniques for assessing and applying size, proportions and composition of human body

Parameters of Anthropometry

Age dependent factors

• Weight
• Height
• Head circumference
• Chest circumference

Age-independent factors:

• Id-arm circumference (1-5 years)
• Weight for height
• Skinfold thickness
• Mid upper arm/height ratio

Factors affecting Anthopometry:

• Gender: Males have less fat and more muscle. Also, fat accumulation region are different for men and women.
• Aging: body weaight decreases after 50 years in males and after 60 years in females.
• Ethnicity: Lower body weights for people living in tropical countries. Differences diminish due to migration. Body proportions are different for different ethnicity and should be considered in machine design and operating conditions.
• Occupation

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Solved Example: 9045-01

Following are the parameters of anthropometry, Which of the following is age independent anthropometry factor: (AIIMS NORCET Nov 2021)

A. Mid-arm Circumference

B. Weight

C. Height

D. Head Circumference

Correct Answer: A