Data, Logic Development, and Analytics
Databases
- Data: Facts, figures, statistics etc.
- Record: Collection of related data items,
- Table or Relation: Collection of related records.
- Database: Collection of related relations.
- A database is a collection of organized data, information and records. Database is information that a person needs in his personal, business, social and religious life and the power and purpose of information is not only in collecting and finding them but more importantly in using them.
- Structured database It is also called the structured data in which a record or file of information arranged in uniform format. These databases are usually storage of information with similar entries such as a list of persons born in a country, a medical database of patients’ data, an inventory database of a company and many others.
- Free-form database It is a loose collection of information, such as those you will find on the World Wide Web. A collection of your documents in the computer made from several programs can be considered as free-form database.
Scytale86, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Solved Example: 9130-01
Which one is not a database management software?
A. Oracle
B. Drupal
C. MySQL
D. MS Access
Drupal is a Content Management Software (CMS) whereas Oracle, mySQL and MS Access are Database Management Software.
Correct Answer: B
Solved Example: 9130-02
A ______ is a column in a table that contains a specific piece of information within a record.
A. Reports
B. Field
C. Datasheet
D. Filter
Correct Answer: B
Solved Example: 9130-03
Which of the following employee attributes can be considered as multi-valued as well as composite?
A. Social security number
B. Designation
C. Date of birth
D. Telephone
Correct Answer: D
Algorithms
- An algorithm is a well-defined procedure that allows a computer to solve a problem.
- An algorithm is a sequence of unambiguous instructions.
- Simple recursive algorithms
- Backtracking algorithms
- Divide and conquer algorithms
- Dynamic programming algorithms
- Greedy algorithms
- Branch and bound algorithms
- Brute force algorithms
- Randomized algorithms
Solved Example: 9382-01
The step-by-step instructions that solve a program is called:
A. An algorithm
B. A list
C. A plan
D. A structure
Correct Answer: A
Data Science Techniques
General Steps in Data Science:
- Data Collection: Defining the attributes to be collected and selecting proper methodology for data collection.
- Data Preparation: Consists data cleaning to eliminate inconsistencies in data, such as missing values, blank columns, abrupt values, incorrect data format. It also includes data pre-processing, where we remove outliers, replace null values and normalizing the data.
- Model Planning: Utilize data visualization techniques, to get a better idea of the distribution of the data.
- Model Building: Use different combination of attributes to make various decision trees, for having mximum efficiency.
- Operationalize: To run a small pilot project to check wheether the results are appropriate
- Communicate Results: Sharing the results for further deployment and processing.
Solved Example: 9133-01
What is the main function of the electronic spread sheet?
A. Filtering
B. Merging
C. Sorting
D. All of Above
Correct Answer: D
Solved Example: 9133-02
The process of quantifying data is referred to as:
A. Decoding
B. Structure
C. Enumeration
D. Coding
Correct Answer: C
Solved Example: 9133-03
What is a hypothesis?
A. A statement that the researcher wants to test through the data collected in a study
B. A research question the results will answer
C. A theory that underpins the study
D. A statistical method for calculating the extent to which the results could have happened by chance
Correct Answer: A
Solved Example: 9133-04
If the null hypothesis is false then which of the following is accepted?
A. Alternative Hypothesis.
B. Anull Hypothesis
C. Full Hypothesis
D. Critical Region Hypothesis
Correct Answer: A